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Hywel David Lewis (21 May 1910 – 6 April 1992) was a Welsh theologian and philosopher.〔Sutherland, Stewart. (1993). ''Obituary: Hywel David Lewis 1910–1992''. Philosophy. Vol. 68, No. 264. pp. 263–264.〕 He was best known for his defence of dualism and personal survival.〔Brown, Stuart; Collinson, Diane; Wilkinson, Robert. (1996). (''Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers'' ). Routledge. ISBN 0-415-06043-5 "Lewis is best known for his defense of a dualist view of mind and body in opposition to the more prevalent behaviorist views advocated by Ryle and others. He defended with some success a belief in personal survival against the belief common amongst analytical philosophers that immortality was inconceivable. He acquired a high international reputation, particularly in India and America, where he received and took many invitations to lecture and accept other honors."〕 ==Life== Lewis was born in Llandudno, Wales and educated at Caernarfon grammar school, the University College of North Wales, Bangor (graduating with a first-class degree in philosophy in 1932) and Jesus College, Oxford (graduating with a BLitt in 1935). He was then a lecturer in philosophy at Bangor, becoming professor in 1947. In 1955, he was appointed Professor of the History and Philosophy of Religion at the University of London, retiring in 1977. His works included ''Morals and the New Theology'' (1947), ''Morals and Revelation'' (1951), ''Our Experience of God'' (1959), ''The Elusive Mind'' (1969), ''The Self and Immortality'' (1973), ''Persons and Life after Death'' (1978) and ''The Elusive Self'' (1982). He also published in Welsh. His interest in comparative religion led to his becoming founding editor of the journal ''Religious Studies'', holding the post from 1964 to 1979. He edited the Muirhead Library of Philosophy from 1947 to 1978. He also served as president of the Aristotelian Society from 1962 to 1963 and as chairman of the council of the Royal Institute of Philosophy from 1965 to 1968. He died on 6 April 1992 and was buried at St Tudno's church on the Great Orme. Lewis wrote there is no incoherence in the notion of personal survival in his book ''The Self and Immortality'' (1973).〔Sutherland, Stewart. (1976). ''The Self and Immortality. by H. D. Lewis''. Mind. New Series, Vol. 85, No. 337. pp. 141–143.〕 Michael Marsh in a review wrote the book offered a "substantial defense" for interactionist dualism.〔Marsh, Michael. (1977). ''Beyond Death: The Rebirth of Immortality''. The Hastings Center Report. Vol. 7, No. 5. pp. 40–42.〕 In his book ''Persons and Life after Death'' (1978) Lewis argued that the ultimate basis for a belief in life after death is from religion. He claimed this belief could mean for some, the resurrection of the body, survival in an astral body or survival in a disembodied form. Lewis wrote that disembodied survival is most plausible from a religious point of view.〔Daher, Adel. (1981). ''Persons and Life after Death by Hywel D. Lewis''. The Journal of Religion. Vol. 61, No. 1. pp. 106–107.〕 Lewis was a Christian who sought common ground between the world's religions and argued there is a sense of transcendental reality in all of them. However, he argued against Buddhist and monistic views in which the self is considered to be an illusion.〔Brown, Stuart; Bredin, Hugh. (2005). ''The Dictionary of Twentieth-Century British Philosophers: 2 Volumes''. Thoemmes. p. 566. ISBN 1-84371-096-X〕 In his book ''The Elusive Self'' (1982) Lewis argued that mental states are "distinct in nature from physical states but constantly interacting with them" and there is a "subject, or a self or soul, which remains constant and is uniquely involved in all the flow of our mental states or experiences."〔Matthews, Gareth. (1985). ''The Elusive Self by Hywel D. Lewis; Selfless Persons by Steven Collins''. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Vol. 45, No. 3. pp. 461–465.〕 The philosopher Gareth Matthews gave the book a negative review claiming Lewis had offered no evidence for dualism. On the subject of dreamless sleep, Lewis wrote the self ceases to be. According to Matthews the belief that the self can pop in and out of existence would be alarming to some readers but Lewis had no problem with accepting this view. Matthews concluded that Lewis's controversial claims were deliberately left with no direct argumentative support.〔 Eugene Long gave the book a positive review stating Lewis had given an adequate defence for the dualistic position and the existence of the self.〔Long, Eugene. (1985). ''The Elusive Self by H. D. Lewis''. The Review of Metaphysics. Vol. 38, No. 3. pp. 655–657.〕 Long has written that Lewis was a philosophical realist, similar to John Baillie and John Cook Wilson.〔Long, Eugene. (2003). ''Twentieth-Century Western Philosophy of Religion 1900–2000''. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 128. ISBN 0-7923-6285-3〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hywel Lewis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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